Bible Quotes on Healing: Powerful Scriptures for Comfort, Strength, and Restoration
When you are sick, hurting, exhausted, or watching someone you love struggle with illness, you may find yourself searching for words that can carry more weight than ordinary encouragement.

Sometimes, you simply want something to hold onto.
That is where the Bible can speak directly to the heart.
The Scriptures contain powerful passages about healing, restoration, strength, prayer, peace, suffering, and hope. Some verses speak specifically about physical healing. Others address emotional wounds, broken hearts, spiritual restoration, and the strength we need when healing takes longer than expected.
| Bible Verse / Quote | Main Healing Theme | What It Says | Why It Matters |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jeremiah 17:14 | Prayer for healing | “Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed.” | A direct and personal prayer asking God for healing and restoration. |
| Exodus 15:26 | God as healer | “For I am the Lord that healeth thee.” | Emphasizes God’s identity as the One who heals His people. |
| Psalm 103:2–3 | Physical and spiritual restoration | “Who healeth all thy diseases.” | Connects God’s mercy, forgiveness, and healing. |
| Isaiah 53:5 | Healing through Christ | “With his stripes we are healed.” | A major biblical passage Christians connect with the suffering and redemptive work of Christ. |
| James 5:15 | Prayer for the sick | “The prayer of faith shall save the sick.” | Highlights prayer and faith when someone is experiencing illness. |
| Psalm 147:3 | Emotional healing | “He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” | Shows that biblical healing also includes emotional and inner wounds. |
| Psalm 30:2 | Crying out for healing | “I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me.” | Encourages people to turn to God during times of physical or emotional distress. |
| Matthew 9:35 | Jesus healing sickness | “Healing every sickness and every disease among the people.” | Describes healing as an important part of Jesus’ earthly ministry. |
| Mark 5:34 | Faith and healing | “Thy faith hath made thee whole.” | Comes from the account of Jesus healing a woman who had suffered for many years. |
| Luke 6:19 | Jesus’ healing power | “And healed them all.” | Describes people seeking Jesus because of His healing power. |
| Psalm 34:18 | Healing a broken heart | “The Lord is nigh unto them that be of a broken heart.” | Offers comfort to people experiencing grief, heartbreak, or deep emotional pain. |
| Isaiah 40:31 | Strength during recovery | “They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength.” | Encourages patience and renewed strength during difficult seasons. |
| Psalm 46:1 | Strength in trouble | “God is our refuge and strength.” | Reminds believers that God can be a source of strength during sickness and hardship. |
| Jeremiah 30:17 | Restoration | “I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy wounds.” | Uses powerful language of restoration and healing. |
| Psalm 41:3 | Strength during sickness | “The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing.” | Offers encouragement to people who are physically weak or recovering. |
| Philippians 4:6–7 | Peace during illness | “By prayer and supplication… let your requests be made known unto God.” | Encourages people to bring fears and requests to God through prayer. |
| John 14:27 | Peace and comfort | “Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you.” | Provides encouragement when illness creates fear and uncertainty. |
| 2 Corinthians 12:9 | Grace in weakness | “My grace is sufficient for thee.” | Reminds readers that God’s grace can sustain people even when suffering remains. |
| Psalm 126:5 | Hope after suffering | “They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.” | Presents suffering as something that can ultimately give way to joy. |
| Revelation 21:4 | Ultimate healing and restoration | “There shall be no more… pain.” | Points toward the Christian hope of a future without death, sorrow, crying, or pain. |
And perhaps that is what makes these verses so meaningful.
Healing is not always a straight road. Sometimes the body recovers quickly. Sometimes recovery takes months or years. Sometimes the deepest wound is not physical at all. It may be grief, anxiety, disappointment, loneliness, or a pain that nobody else can see.
The Bible meets people in all of those places.
If you are looking for Bible quotes on healing for yourself, a sick loved one, a prayer, a card, a message, or a moment of encouragement, the Scriptures below offer words of faith and hope.
What Does the Bible Say About Healing?

The Bible presents God as compassionate toward people who suffer and repeatedly shows people turning to Him for healing.
Throughout Scripture, we see prayers for healing, stories of miraculous restoration, encouragement for the sick, and promises about God’s presence during suffering.
But there is an important distinction to understand.
The Bible does not present healing as a formula where quoting a particular verse automatically guarantees an immediate physical recovery. Scripture certainly teaches that God can heal, and the Bible records many examples of miraculous healing. Yet it also acknowledges seasons of weakness, unanswered questions, waiting, and suffering.
That means these Bible verses should not be used to make someone feel guilty if they remain sick.
Faith is not pretending that pain does not exist.
Faith can mean bringing that pain honestly before God.
You can pray for healing while also seeking medical care. You can trust God while taking treatment. You can have faith and still admit that you are frightened.
Sometimes healing is physical.
Sometimes it is emotional.
Sometimes it is spiritual.
And sometimes, while we are waiting for the outcome we desperately want, God gives us strength to endure one more day.
Bible Quotes on Healing and God’s Power

Jeremiah 17:14 — A Simple Prayer for Healing
“Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed; save me, and I shall be saved: for thou art my praise.” — Jeremiah 17:14, KJV
Few verses express the desire for healing as directly as this one.
Jeremiah does not hide his need behind complicated language. He simply asks God to heal him.
There is something deeply comforting about that simplicity.
When you are exhausted, you may not have the energy to formulate a beautiful prayer. You may not know what to say. You may only have enough strength to whisper, “Lord, please heal me.”
That is still a prayer.
Jeremiah’s words also show dependence. He looks beyond his own ability and places his hope in God.
If you are struggling with illness today, you can use this verse as the foundation of your prayer.
Exodus 15:26 — “I Am the Lord That Healeth Thee”
“For I am the Lord that healeth thee.” — Exodus 15:26, KJV
These words appear after God delivers the Israelites and reminds them of His identity.
The statement is powerful because healing is connected with God’s character.
The verse does not encourage us to worship healing itself. It directs our attention toward the One whom Scripture identifies as the healer.
That distinction matters.
When sickness becomes the center of your world, fear can consume your thoughts. A medical report, a symptom, or an uncertain prognosis can begin to define everything.
Scripture invites you to remember something bigger.
Your circumstances are real, but they are not bigger than God.
Psalm 103:2–3 — Remembering God’s Benefits
“Bless the Lord, O my soul, and forget not all his benefits: Who forgiveth all thine iniquities; who healeth all thy diseases.” — Psalm 103:2–3, KJV
Psalm 103 begins by telling the soul to remember.
Why?
Because suffering can make us forget.
When life becomes painful, we naturally focus on what is wrong. David’s words encourage the believer to remember God’s mercy, forgiveness, compassion, and healing.
This passage brings together physical and spiritual dimensions of restoration. God is not presented as someone concerned only with the body. His care encompasses the whole person.
If you are praying for healing, Psalm 103 can become a beautiful reminder to ask not only for physical recovery but also for peace, forgiveness, strength, and renewed hope.
Bible Quotes on Healing for the Sick
When someone becomes seriously ill, even a short verse can become a source of comfort.
You might write it in a card.
You might send it in a text.
You might read it beside a hospital bed.
Or you might simply repeat it quietly when fear begins to rise.
James 5:15 — The Prayer of Faith
“And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up.” — James 5:15, KJV
James gives special attention to prayer for those who are sick.
The surrounding passage encourages the sick person to call the elders of the church so that they can pray together.
That is a beautiful reminder that suffering was never meant to be carried entirely alone.
Sometimes you need someone beside you.
Someone to pray when you cannot find the words.
Someone to sit quietly when you do not want to talk.
Someone to remind you that you are loved when fear makes you feel isolated.
James connects healing with prayer while also emphasizing the importance of the believing community.
Psalm 147:3 — God Heals the Brokenhearted
“He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” — Psalm 147:3, KJV
Not all sickness can be seen.
Some people walk around with perfectly healthy bodies while carrying enormous emotional pain inside.
They may be grieving a parent.
They may be recovering from betrayal.
They may have lost a relationship, a dream, a career opportunity, or someone they deeply loved.
Psalm 147:3 speaks beautifully to that hidden suffering.
The image is almost like a physician gently treating an injury.
God sees the wound.
He sees what others overlook.
And He cares about the broken places of the heart.
Psalm 30:2 — Crying Out to God for Healing
“O Lord my God, I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me.” — Psalm 30:2, KJV
This verse captures the relationship between desperation, prayer, and thanksgiving.
David remembers crying out to God and experiencing deliverance.
That makes the verse particularly meaningful for anyone who feels helpless.
You may not know what tomorrow will bring.
You may not know how long recovery will take.
But you can still cry out.
Prayer does not require you to have everything figured out first.
Bible Quotes About Physical Healing
The Gospels contain numerous accounts of Jesus healing people.
These stories are not merely about physical conditions. They also reveal something about Jesus’ compassion.
He noticed people.
He listened to them.
He responded to suffering.
And He treated hurting people with dignity.
Matthew 9:35 — Jesus Healed the Sick
“And Jesus went about all the cities and villages, teaching… and healing every sickness and every disease among the people.” — Matthew 9:35, KJV
Matthew describes Jesus’ ministry as involving teaching, preaching, and healing.
This verse gives a broad picture of Christ’s ministry and His concern for suffering people.
If you are praying for physical healing, it can remind you that Scripture portrays Jesus as deeply compassionate toward those who were sick.
It also challenges us to develop that same compassion toward others.
Sometimes we cannot heal another person’s illness.
But we can visit them.
We can listen.
We can pray.
We can bring food.
We can make the difficult day slightly easier.
Compassion itself can become an expression of faith.
Mark 5:34 — “Thy Faith Hath Made Thee Whole”
“Daughter, thy faith hath made thee whole; go in peace, and be whole of thy plague.” — Mark 5:34, KJV
This verse comes from the account of a woman who had suffered from a physical condition for twelve years.
Think about that.
Twelve years is a long time to wait for anything.
Her story is powerful because her suffering was not temporary or insignificant. It had affected her life for years.
Yet she came to Jesus.
Jesus responded to her with compassion and dignity.
The words “go in peace” are particularly beautiful.
Healing is not only about what happens to the body. Peace matters too.
Luke 6:19 — Healing Power
“And the whole multitude sought to touch him: for there went virtue out of him, and healed them all.” — Luke 6:19, KJV
Luke describes crowds coming to Jesus because of His healing power.
For Christians, passages like this are reminders of Christ’s authority and compassion.
For someone praying through illness, the verse can become a reason to approach God with confidence rather than fear.
Bible Quotes on Healing a Broken Heart
Sometimes what you need most is not a physical cure but a heart that can breathe again.
Psalm 34:18 — God Is Near the Brokenhearted
“The Lord is nigh unto them that be of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit.” — Psalm 34:18, KJV
This may be one of the most comforting verses for anyone experiencing emotional pain.
Notice what the verse does not say.
It does not say God is near only when you are strong.
It does not say God is near only when you understand everything.
It specifically speaks about the brokenhearted.
That means your brokenness does not disqualify you from God’s presence.
You can come to God with tears.
You can come confused.
You can come exhausted.
You can come without knowing what happens next.
Psalm 147:3 — God Binds Up Wounds
“He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” — Psalm 147:3, KJV
Imagine a wound being carefully wrapped and protected.
It may not disappear instantly.
It may take time to heal.
But it is being cared for.
That is the picture this verse creates.
Emotional healing can also take time. A person who has experienced deep grief may not wake up the next morning feeling completely restored.
Healing can happen gradually.
One day at a time.
One prayer at a time.
One conversation at a time.
Bible Quotes on Healing From Grief
Grief can feel like an illness of the heart.
It can affect sleep, appetite, concentration, relationships, and even your sense of identity.
The Bible does not treat grief as something shameful.
Instead, Scripture gives grieving people permission to cry, lament, remember, and seek God.
Psalm 34:17 — God Hears the Cry of the Righteous
“The righteous cry, and the Lord heareth, and delivereth them out of all their troubles.” — Psalm 34:17, KJV
There is comfort in knowing that crying out to God is not weakness.
It is an act of turning toward Him.
When grief makes you feel as though nobody understands, prayer provides a place to speak honestly.
You do not have to pretend that you are okay.
Revelation 21:4 — A Future Without Tears
“And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain.” — Revelation 21:4, KJV
This verse takes healing beyond the present moment.
It points toward the Christian hope of ultimate restoration.
Imagine a world where pain no longer exists.
No terminal diagnoses.
No funerals.
No hospital rooms.
No heartbreak.
No death.
Revelation 21:4 presents a future where God removes the conditions that produce suffering.
For someone experiencing grief, that promise can feel like a distant light at the end of a very dark road.
Bible Quotes on Healing and Strength
What if healing takes longer than you expected?
What if you have prayed for months?
What if you are tired of being tired?
The Bible contains verses specifically addressing the need for strength during seasons of waiting.
Isaiah 40:31 — God Renews the Weary
“But they that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength; they shall mount up with wings as eagles.” — Isaiah 40:31, KJV
Waiting can be one of the hardest parts of suffering.
We want answers now.
We want the pain to stop now.
We want the test results now.
We want recovery now.
But Isaiah speaks about people who wait upon the Lord.
The promise is renewed strength.
That is important because sometimes the first answer to prayer is not an immediate change in circumstances. Sometimes it is strength to keep walking through those circumstances.
Psalm 46:1 — God Is Your Refuge
“God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.” — Psalm 46:1, KJV
A refuge does not necessarily stop the storm.
It gives you somewhere safe to stand while the storm is happening.
That makes this verse especially meaningful during illness or emotional crisis.
When you feel overwhelmed, God is described as a refuge.
When you feel weak, He is described as strength.
When trouble arrives, He is described as a present help.
Bible Verses for Someone Going Through a Difficult Recovery
Recovery can sometimes be more difficult than the initial illness.
The excitement of treatment may have passed.
Visitors may become less frequent.
Progress may feel slow.
That is when encouragement can matter most.
Jeremiah 30:17 — Restoration
“For I will restore health unto thee, and I will heal thee of thy wounds, saith the Lord.” — Jeremiah 30:17, KJV
This verse speaks about restoration in its original biblical context, particularly in relation to God’s people.
For personal encouragement, its language of restoration can still offer hope.
The word restore is powerful.
Restoration means bringing something back from a damaged or broken condition.
It reminds us that brokenness does not have to be the final chapter.
Psalm 41:3 — Strength During Sickness
“The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing.” — Psalm 41:3, KJV
This verse speaks directly to someone lying weak or sick.
There are moments when getting out of bed feels like an achievement.
When your body has no energy.
When recovery seems painfully slow.
Psalm 41:3 reminds us that weakness does not make you forgotten.
Bible Quotes on Healing and Peace
Sometimes the hardest part of sickness is not the physical pain.
It is fear.
Fear of what the diagnosis means.
Fear of what tomorrow brings.
Fear that things will never return to normal.
Philippians 4:6–7 — Peace in the Middle of Anxiety
“But in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God.” — Philippians 4:6, KJV
Paul does not tell believers to ignore their concerns.
He tells them to bring their concerns to God.
That is an important difference.
You do not have to deny fear to have faith.
You can acknowledge the fear and then bring it into prayer.
The passage continues by describing God’s peace as something that guards the heart and mind.
Sometimes you may pray for healing and also need to pray for peace while waiting.
Both prayers matter.
John 14:27 — Christ’s Gift of Peace
“Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you.” — John 14:27, KJV
Jesus spoke these words to His disciples during a difficult period.
Peace, in this context, is not simply the absence of problems.
It is confidence and rest in Christ despite difficult circumstances.
That makes this verse especially appropriate when someone is facing uncertainty.
Bible Quotes on Healing and Faith
Faith is one of the recurring themes in biblical accounts of healing.
But biblical faith should not be reduced to positive thinking.
Faith is trust directed toward God.
Mark 11:24 — Believe When You Pray
“What things soever ye desire, when ye pray, believe that ye receive them, and ye shall have them.” — Mark 11:24, KJV
Jesus’ teaching here emphasizes faith and prayer.
However, this verse should be read within the broader teaching of Scripture rather than treated as a guarantee that every desired outcome will occur exactly as requested.
Christian prayer involves both confidence and submission to God.
You can ask boldly.
You can hope sincerely.
And you can still say, “Your will be done.”
Does the Bible Promise Healing Every Time?
This is one of the most important questions surrounding Bible verses about healing.
The short answer is: the Bible teaches that God can heal, but it does not teach that every believer will receive immediate physical healing in this life.
This distinction is essential.
Consider the apostle Paul.
He describes having a persistent “thorn in the flesh” and explains that he pleaded with God three times for it to be removed.
Instead, God told him:
“My grace is sufficient for thee: for my strength is made perfect in weakness.” — 2 Corinthians 12:9, KJV
Paul prayed.
Paul had faith.
But his requested outcome was not granted in the way he wanted.
Instead, he received grace to endure.
This does not make prayer meaningless.
Quite the opposite.
It shows that God’s response can take different forms.
Sometimes the answer is healing.
Sometimes it is strength.
Sometimes it is peace.
Sometimes it is guidance.
Sometimes it is help through doctors, family, friends, and other forms of care.
And Christian Scripture ultimately points toward a future where suffering itself will be removed.
Therefore, never tell a sick person that their lack of recovery proves they do not have enough faith.
That can turn comfort into guilt.
Instead, offer prayer, compassion, practical support, and hope.
How Should You Pray for Healing?
You do not need a complicated prayer.
Start honestly.
Tell God what hurts.
Ask for what you need.
Thank Him for His presence.
Then surrender the outcome to Him.
For example:
“Lord, You know my pain better than anyone. Please bring healing to my body, give wisdom to those caring for me, strengthen me when I feel weak, and fill my heart with peace. Help me trust You through every step of this journey. Amen.”
You can also pray Scripture directly.
Take Jeremiah 17:14 and turn it into your own prayer:
“Lord, heal me and restore me. Help me trust You while I wait.”
Or use Psalm 147:3:
“Lord, heal the wounds in my heart and help me become whole again.”
The goal is not to find a magical combination of words.
Prayer is relationship, not a formula.
How to Encourage Someone With Bible Verses About Healing
If someone you love is sick, be careful with the way you share Scripture.
A verse should feel like a hand reaching out—not a lecture.
Instead of saying:
“You just need more faith.”
You could say:
“I know you’re going through a lot. I found this verse and thought it might give you a little encouragement today.”
That difference matters.
You are not trying to explain away their pain.
You are reminding them that they are not alone.
A thoughtful Bible verse can be accompanied by something practical:
- “I’m praying for you today.”
- “Let me know if you need anything.”
- “I can take care of dinner.”
- “I’ll sit with you if you’d like company.”
- “You don’t have to respond. I just wanted you to know I’m thinking of you.”
Sometimes love speaks louder through presence than through words.
Short Bible Quotes on Healing
If you need short Bible quotes for a card, caption, text message, prayer, or encouragement post, these are especially meaningful:
- “Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed.” — Jeremiah 17:14
- “For I am the Lord that healeth thee.” — Exodus 15:26
- “Who healeth all thy diseases.” — Psalm 103:3
- “He healeth the broken in heart.” — Psalm 147:3
- “The prayer of faith shall save the sick.” — James 5:15
- “Thy faith hath made thee whole.” — Mark 5:34
- “I cried unto thee, and thou hast healed me.” — Psalm 30:2
- “The Lord is nigh unto them that be of a broken heart.” — Psalm 34:18
- “They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength.” — Isaiah 40:31
- “God is our refuge and strength.” — Psalm 46:1
- “They that sow in tears shall reap in joy.” — Psalm 126:5
- “My grace is sufficient for thee.” — 2 Corinthians 12:9
- “There shall be no more… pain.” — Revelation 21:4
Bible Quotes on Healing for a Friend
If a friend is sick, you may want something personal but not overly dramatic.
Consider sending:
“The Lord will strengthen him upon the bed of languishing.” — Psalm 41:3
Or:
“He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” — Psalm 147:3
You can add a simple message:
“I’m praying that God gives you strength, peace, and healing during this difficult time.”
You do not need a long paragraph.
Sometimes a few sincere words are enough.
Bible Quotes on Healing for a Loved One
When someone close to you is sick, the fear can become overwhelming.
You may find yourself constantly thinking about them.
You may check your phone repeatedly.
You may struggle to sleep.
You may wonder what you can possibly do to help.
Psalm 46:1 is a powerful verse to remember:
“God is our refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble.”
You cannot control everything that happens to someone you love.
But you can pray.
You can be present.
You can offer practical help.
And you can place the person you love into God’s hands.
What Is the Most Powerful Bible Verse for Healing?
There is no single Bible verse that is objectively the “most powerful” for every situation.
The best verse depends on what kind of healing you are seeking.
For direct prayer for healing, Jeremiah 17:14 is powerful:
“Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed.”
For physical sickness, Psalm 103:3 and James 5:15 are particularly relevant.
For emotional pain, Psalm 147:3 speaks beautifully about God healing the brokenhearted.
For strength while waiting, Isaiah 40:31 offers encouragement.
For ultimate hope, Revelation 21:4 points toward a future without pain.
The right verse is often the one that speaks most honestly to what you are experiencing right now.
Conclusion
The Bible’s message about healing is bigger than a simple promise that every illness will disappear immediately. Scripture gives us something deeper: the assurance that God sees suffering, hears prayers, cares for the brokenhearted, strengthens the weary, and remains present when the road becomes difficult. From Jeremiah’s simple cry, “Heal me, O Lord,” to Revelation’s breathtaking vision of a world with “no more… pain,” the Bible gives hurting people language for both present struggle and future hope. If you are praying for healing today, pray boldly, seek appropriate care, accept support from others, and bring your fears honestly before God. You may not know what tomorrow holds, but you do not have to walk into it without hope.
FAQs About Bible Quotes on Healing
1. What is the best Bible verse for healing?
Jeremiah 17:14 is one of the most direct verses for someone praying for healing: “Heal me, O Lord, and I shall be healed.” It is short, personal, and expresses complete dependence on God.
2. What does the Bible say about healing sickness?
The Bible contains numerous passages about sickness and healing. Psalm 103:3 describes God as the One “who healeth all thy diseases,” while James 5:15 encourages prayer for those who are sick.
3. What Bible verse is good for someone who is sick?
James 5:15 is especially appropriate because it directly discusses prayer for the sick. Psalm 41:3 is another comforting passage for someone experiencing physical weakness.
4. What is a good Bible verse for emotional healing?
Psalm 147:3 is one of the strongest choices: “He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” It is particularly meaningful for grief, heartbreak, disappointment, and emotional suffering.
5. Does God promise to heal everyone?
The Bible clearly teaches that God has the power to heal and gives many accounts of healing. However, Scripture does not promise that every person will experience immediate physical healing in this present life. The Bible also describes suffering, waiting, endurance, and God’s grace in weakness.
6. What should I pray for when I need healing?
You can pray for physical recovery, strength, peace, wisdom, guidance, good care, emotional restoration, and endurance. You can also ask God to help you trust Him regardless of how the situation develops.
7. Can I use Bible verses to pray for someone else?
Yes. Scripture can provide meaningful words when praying for a sick friend or family member. James 5 specifically highlights prayer for people who are sick and the importance of praying together within the Christian community.
8. What Bible verse talks about healing the broken heart?
Psalm 147:3 says, “He healeth the broken in heart, and bindeth up their wounds.” It is one of the clearest biblical passages connecting God with emotional restoration.
9. What Bible verse gives strength during sickness?
Isaiah 40:31 is an excellent choice: “They that wait upon the Lord shall renew their strength.” It can be especially encouraging when recovery is slow or when someone feels physically and emotionally exhausted.
10. What is the ultimate Bible promise about healing?
Revelation 21:4 gives the Bible’s ultimate picture of restoration, describing a future in which God removes death, sorrow, crying, and pain. For Christians, this represents the final hope of complete restoration beyond the suffering of the present world.







